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14. Impairment of goodwill

Goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated for impairment testing purposes to the groups of cash generating units (CGUs) listed below. These represent the lowest level within the Group at which goodwill is monitored by management for internal reporting purposes.

The significant groups of CGUs identified are Property Consultancy, HR Solutions, Insurance & Specialist Services, Registrar Services, Financial Services, Life & Pensions and IT & Software Services. The remaining groups of CGUs are included in the ‘balance of CGUs’ column.

The recoverable amount of all the CGUs is based on a value in use calculation using cash flow projections based on the latest 1 year budget forecast extrapolated for 4 future years by a growth rate applicable to each unit; an appropriate terminal value based on a perpetuity calculation using nil real growth is then added. A discount rate of 10.0% (2007: 11.1%) is then applied to these projections.

Compound growth rates (years 2–5) %
Property Consultancy 9.9
HR Solutions 9.9
Insurance & Specialist Services 4.3
Registrar Services 8.8
Financial Services 7.6
Life & Pensions 7.0
IT & Software Services 9.9
Balance of CGUs (weighted average growth rate) 6.6

The growth rates used do not exceed published industry estimates.

Carrying amount of goodwill allocated to groups of cash generating units

Property
Consultancy
£m
  HR Solutions
£m
  Insurance Services
£m
  Registrar Services
£m
  Financial Services
£m
  Life & Pensions Services
£m
  IT & Software Services
£m
  Balance of CGUs
£m
  Total
£m
2008                                  
Goodwill 49.7   91.3   236.9   116.4   56.9   91.7   83.9   91.6   818.4
2007  
Goodwill 45.1   91.3   219.7   114.9   57.0   78.9   26.9   59.0   692.8

The key assumptions used in the impairment testing were as follows:

  • profit before interest and taxation
  • discount rates
  • rates of growth in CGUs for the years 2 to 5.

Profit before interest and taxation

The profit before interest and taxation is based on the assumption that future margins will remain at the levels currently being achieved.

Discount rate

The discount rate reflects management’s estimate of the gross cost of capital employed for the groups of CGUs listed above. This is the benchmark established to assess operating performance and to evaluate future capital investment proposals. The rate applied to all CGUs is the same across all units, this reflects the Group’s funding arrangements where all units have equal access to the Group’s treasury functions and borrowing lines to fund their operations. No unit demonstrates abnormal levels of risk or funding profile and therefore the discount rate applied is deemed to be justified.

Rates of growth in cash generating units beyond the budget period

Growth rate assumptions are based on, as far as possible, published industry research (Ovum 2008). Where the cash generating unit does not correspond directly with the research undertaken then the growth rate used is that of the nearest possible match in relation to the risks experienced within the associated market. The rates used are further cross-checked with the senior operational management of the units in question.

Goodwill impairment

Management believes that no reasonably possible change in the key assumptions above would cause any of the identified CGUs to become impaired.